Photon Model

The universal constants from cosmology can be scaled to quantised subspaces of the universal photon field. The photon model is a relativistic result derived from the FSM theory of relativity. In this model, photons are described as cavity oscillations, which are represented by a 6-component vector for the six spatial dimensions, comprising four parameters.

In the wave-field, the photon exhibits the same dynamics of spacetime and field deformation as the universe. These deformations are described by the field propagation speeds $_{V 4}$ and $_{V 5}$ . An oscillation can be represented mathematically as a rotation. The following applies:

c² = V₄² + V₅²

The invisible photon initially rotates orthogonally to the dimensional plane D₅₆ in any direction of rotation. It has a point of contact with the particle-field on this plane. At the point of maximum expansion, the field propagation velocity V₅ of the fifth dimension is emitted into the particle-field. Such a photon emits its maximum gravitational field T-periodically into the particle-field in the state of its current space-time deformation.

The simulation on the left shows the effect of the space-time deformation in parallel with the dynamic change in velocity V₄. During a period T, the angular momentum emits an inertial force that can be attributed to a mass. The star that forms in the simulation on the right marks the field exchange at the point of contact with the particle-field.

The visible photon rotates parallel to the dimensional plane D₅₆. Due to the absence of the velocity vector V₄, it no longer contributes to the deformation of space-time. However, it retains its field propagation velocity V₅ and can propagate within the particle-field parallel to this velocity. External gravitational fields that lead to field deformations can continue to influence this field propagation velocity and cause the propagation behaviour to contract.

Simulation:

The 6-dimensional vector describes the spatial dimensions of the field-space. Indices 1–3 represent the particle-field, whilst indices 4–6 represent the wave-field.

The field body corresponds to a wave nature with three dimensions in the particle-field, whilst its field emission resembles a momentum nature. ‘X’ indicates the definition of a dimension for rotation, whilst ‘/’ indicates that no dimension is defined at that point.

The geometric propagation of a field’s momentum character behaves like an invisible longitudinal wave in the particle-field, while its field body corresponds to a visible transverse wave. The field forces transmitted via the dimensional plane D₅₆ are therefore perceived as a rigid body in the particle-field. The photon, with its 2-dimensional momentum, is registered in the particle-field merely as a point particle, which it is not in fact. The wave–particle duality of photons and particles in the particle-field can be attributed to their self-interaction with their own two-dimensional field in the dimensional plane D₅₆, derived from the wave-field.

Particles are given a mass m and an inertia when they move through a field that opposes their movement. Each photon has its own relativistic inertial motion during an oscillation in space-time. Depending on the frequency, the periodic inertial motion requires a certain inertial force for its dynamic change.

Force equation - Photon

It should be noted that this equation must be adjusted for cases where an object, such as the Earth, has a wavelength that exceeds its own field radius (Earth: approx. 5 cm). Detailed information can be found in the script.

F(t) – relativistic force

G – gravitational constant

m – mass of an object

r – field radius

k – angular frequency

t – nominal time

c – maximum speed

β – phase shift

Energy formula

The space-time behaviour of any electromagnetic wave is the same as that of the universe. Thus, the results of cosmology are scalable to the microcosm.

E – energy

{m k} – mass-time constant

h – Planck’s constant

λ – wavelength

f – frequency

Angular momentum

L_{ø_ particle-field} – average angular momentum in the particle-field

{λ r} = constant

Relativistic energy increase

The relativistic energy increase generates an additional gravitational potential for an electromagnetic wave in space-time.. Mass is an invariant quantity. Relativistic energy is modelled as additional work in a deformed space-time. An energy-space-time equivalence exists. This model includes Einstein’s mass-energy equivalence as a special case at the origin of the inertial system.

E_obj(t) – relativistic energy increase of an object

The animation illustrates, by way of example, the periodic inertial motion of a field body within a wave-field. In this case, the cavity mode is represented not as a sphere but as a mathematical rotation. The wave-field modulates the (kt)-electromagnetic cavity mode in space-time. The relativistic fields in the wave-field deform space-time in the particle-field. A transition or field exchange takes place via the dimensional plane $_{D 56}$ . The amplitude of the relativistic field in the wave-field corresponds to the wave crest in the particle-field. Gravitational waves originate from this mechanism.

The field exchange generates forces that cause the fields to appear as condensed, discrete matter. This is illustrated in the following sequence by blue spheres that oscillate in phase with the waves.